Chapter Six: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Questions:

1. How is breathing related to your cellular respiration?

  A: In breathing, CO2 and O2 are exchanged between your lungs and the air. In cellular respiration, cells use O2 to break down fuel, releasing CO2 as a waste product.

2.  What Cehmical Characteristic of the element oxygen accounts for its function in cellular respiration?

   A: Oxygen is very electronegative, meaning that it is very powerful in pulling electrons from other elements.

3.  What is eh total number of NADH molecules generated during? the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule to six carbon dioxide molecules?

   A: 10 NADH. Two from glycolysis. Two from the grooming of pyruvate. Six from the citric acid cycle.


Five Main Facts From The Reading:

1. Cells tap energy from electrons "falling" from organic fuels to oxygen.
2. The human body uses energy from ATP for all its activities.
3. Glycolysis harvest chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.
4. Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation.
5. Fermentation enables cells to produce ATP without oxygen.

                                                   ^Cellular respiration and its cycles. ^

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlZZUtpyCgQ Cellular Respiration Rap.



Ten Key Terms:

Kilocalories - the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one ilogram of water by 1 degree C.
Redox Reaction - the movement of electrons from one molecule to another.
Oxidation - the loss of electrons from one substance in a redox reaction.
Reduction - the addition of electrons to another substance.
Dehydrogenase - enzyme in the process of oxidizing gluclose.
Glycolysis - step one in cellular respiration.
The citric acid (krebs) cycle - step two in cellular respiration.
Oxidative Phosphorylation - the final step in cellular respiration.
ATP Synthase - the enzyme that generates most of the ATP in cellular respiration.
Pyruvate - a three carbon sugar from glucose that enters the citric acid cycle.



This chapter was an in dept look at cellular respiration, the cycle that keeps the cells in our body function. It walked us through the three levels, Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation while showing us how each step works and what the reactants and products where.